New Delhi: The Narendra Modi government came under increasing attack by opposition parties through the year over a range of issues, including demonetisation, but larger opposition unity remained elusive due to the competing interests of political outfits opposed to the ruling BJP-led alliance.
The year also saw the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) regaining its electoral momentum after its emphatic victory in the Assam assembly polls and the main opposition Congress unable to halt its downslide as it lost power in Assam and Kerala.
Demonetisation of Rs 1,000 and Rs 500 notes, suddenly effected by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on November 8, emerged as the biggest political issue of the year with opposition parties vigorously focusing on the plight of people forced to stand in unending queues to withdraw their own money.
Opposition parties also found an issue to personally target Modi and sought an inquiry into allegations that he received money from the Sahara and Birla corporate houses when he was Chief Minister of Gujarat.
Demonetisation is set to be a key issue in the forthcoming assembly elections in five states, with people, specially the poor and middle classes, expecting tangible results from the massive exercise that forced them to endure hardships in getting cash and also affected jobs and businesses.
Both the opposition parties and the government have been using demonetisation to rally people behind them. With the responsibility of delivering results squarely on his shoulders, Modi, in his speeches, has been seeking support by terming demonetisation as a struggle of the honest tax-paying citizens against unscrupulous elements out to usurp money meant for the welfare of the poor. He also has been reaching out to people through radio and social media on demonetisation and other issues.
There was no effective debate on demonetisation during the winter session of parliament but several opposition parties came together to target the government on its impact on the people, the frequent change in rules and “shifting goalposts”. But the unity was not visible outside due to competing interests of parties ahead of assembly polls in the crucial state of Uttar Pradesh, expected early next year. Besides Uttar Pradesh, assembly elections will also be held in Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur and Goa.
Even as they targeted the government on demonetisation, there was no unanimity in the demands of opposition parties. The Aam Aadmi Party and the Trinamool Congress demanded a rollback of demonetisation while the Communist Party of India-Marxist said that old notes should be allowed till the crash crunch was over. Janata Dal-United (JD-U) leader and Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar as also Biju Janata Dal leader and Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik welcomed demonetisation.
Also, despite demonetisation affecting people in every nook and corner of the country, the opposition could not stage a mass nationwide protest.
The left parties, JD-U, Samajwadi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party and Nationalist Congress Party did not attend a meeting called by the Congress to target the Prime Minister over demonetisation and the Birla and Sahara papers.
The Congress, which suffered a debacle in the 2014 lok Sabha polls, has not won any major assembly election in the past over two-and-a-half years. In the assembly polls held this year, it could win only Puducherry in alliance with the DMK. The AIADMK returned to power in Tamil Nadu and the Trinamool Congress in West Bengal.
The BJP, which lost the assembly polls in Delhi and Bihar in 2015 but regained its momentum, also performed credibly in civic election polls held during the year in some states.
Much is at stake for the BJP in the assembly polls in the five states, particularly Uttar Pradesh, which sends the largest number of parliamentarians to the lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
The year also saw opposition parties finding a slew of issues to target the Modi government including the unrest in Jammu and Kashmir, “failure” of ruling alliance’s Pakistan policy, arrest of Jawaharlal Nehru University student leader Kanhaiya Kumar, suicide of Hyderabad University student Rohith Vemula, the Centre’s action in relation to the assemblies of Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh and the “politicisation” of surgical strikes carried out on terror launch pads across the line of Control in Kashmir.
The Congress and some other parties also accused the government of “helping” liquor baron Vijay Mallya leave the country despite being probed for loan defaults.
Political commentator and senior journalist S. Nihal Singh said the opposition ineffectiveness has been because it was unable to get its act together.
“There are conflicting views. Too many differences, ambitions by each leader,” Nihal Singh told IANS.
He said the Congress does not appear to be in a position to effectively challenge the BJP in the 2019 lok Sabha elections and Nitish Kumar could emerge as a possible choice of opposition parties.
Political analyst and senior journalist Kuldip Nayar said that “people are beginning to realise there has to be another alternative. An alternative to the Congress and BJP.”
“I think an alternative will emerge by the next lok Sabha elections in 2019. I think people will vote for regional parties rather than all-India parties,” he said.
Nayar said the BJP may not be able to fulfill all its election promises and the Congress has still not come out of dynastic politics. “So people are not yet convinced. If there was some other leader, Congress probably would have become (more) relevant.”
He said opposition parties can come together in future on a common minimum programme but there is no indication of this happening as yet.
